Identification of rock bolt length in situ conditions
 
More details
Hide details
1
Central Mining Institute
 
 
Submission date: 2020-10-12
 
 
Final revision date: 2021-04-02
 
 
Acceptance date: 2021-04-16
 
 
Online publication date: 2021-04-22
 
 
Publication date: 2021-04-22
 
 
Corresponding author
Andrzej Czesław Staniek   

Central Mining Institute
 
 
Diagnostyka 2021;22(2):67-73
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
A rock bolt which is grouted into the rock strata may not be installed according to the assumed project. It concerns also cases where due to practical reasons it is impossible to drill a hole with a sufficient deepness. The consequence of that is that it is necessary to cut the rock bolt accordingly. Another case is where the rock bolt is damaged, cut or bent. Than it is desirable to check the quality of supporting elements – installed rock bolts and the length of insertion. In proposed paper an outline of a method for measurement of rock bolt length is presented. The method uses ultrasonic transducers and is based on a pulse emission of an impulse wave. As ultrasonic transducer works both as an emitter and receiver, the reflected wave is measured and the length of the object or the position of a crack or damage may be diagnosed.
FUNDING
The realised research was financed by Polish Ministry of Science and High Education, project no 11060317.
REFERENCES (28)
1.
Anatolik Ł. The ways of ultrasonic tests development using example of the railway axles examination. Problemy Kolejnictwa. 2014; 163.
 
2.
Bačić M, Gavin K, Kovačević S. Trends in non-destructive testing of rock bolts. Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers GRAĐEVINAR. 2019;71(10):823-831, https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.2....
 
3.
Beard MD, Lowe MJS. Non-destructive testing of rock bolts using ultrasonic waves. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2003; 40: 527-536.
 
4.
Bergman S, Krauland N, Martna J, Paganus T. Non-Destructive Field Test of Cement-Grouted Bolts With the Boltometer, 5th ISRM Congress, Melbourne, Australia. 1983.
 
5.
Bishop RH. Learning with LabVIEW, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2001.
 
6.
Denghong X, Tian H, Xiandong L, Yingchun S. Localization approach of damage in welded joint based on acoustic emission beamforming. Proceedings of the ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE2014-37658. Montreal, 2014.
 
7.
Gangbing S, Weijie Li, Bo Wang, Siu Chun MH. A Review of rock bolt monitoring using smart sensors. Sensors. 2017;17:776; https://doi.org/10.3390/s17040....
 
8.
Ghaffari B, Lazarz K, Ondrus D, Maev R, Titov S, Bogachenkov A, A matrix array technique for evaluation of adhesively bonded joints. SAE 2012 World Congress & Exhibition. 2012-01-0475 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-0....
 
9.
Haneol K, Hafeezur R, Wahid A, Abdul Muntaqim N, Jung-Joo K, Jonguk K, Hankyu Y. Classification of factors affecting the performance of fully grouted rock bolts with empirical classification systems. Applied Sciences. 2019;9:4781. https://doi.org/10.3390/app922....
 
10.
Hyett A, Mitri H, Spearing A. Validation of two new technologies for monitoring the in situ performance of rock bolts. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Rockbolting and Rock Mechanics in Mining. AIMS 2012: 177-190.
 
11.
Kaczmarek R. The analysis of accuracy of determination of a point-type discontinuity position in ultrasonic testing using a double-transducer probe. Welding Technology Review. 2015;87(10).
 
12.
Kidybiński A, Nierobisz A, Masny W. Maintenance of an opening affected by tremor enforced within nether roof strata. Proceedings of the Rockbursts 2005 Conference: 41-52. Central Mining Institute, Poland.
 
13.
Li Charlie C. Principles of rock bolting in high stress rock masses. Mining & Environment. 2010; 2(1): 133-143.
 
14.
Li Charlie C. Principles of rock bolting design. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2017;9(3):396-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmg....
 
15.
Mackiewicz S. Basic parameters of ultrasonic probes and their impact on quality of ultrasonic examination. Welding Technology Review. 2016; 88(10).
 
16.
Randall RB. Mechanical vibration and shock measurements. Bruel & Kjaer handbook. Naerum, 1982:122-129.
 
17.
Ming L, Weijie L, Mingzhang L, Gangbing S. An automatic extraction algorithm for measurement of installed rock bolt length based on stress wave reflection. Measurement. 2018; 122: 563-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meas....
 
18.
Mingzhang L, Weijie L, Bo Wang, Qingqing F, Gangbing S. Measurement of the Length of Installed Rock Bolt Based on Stress Wave Reflection by Using a Giant Magnetostrictive (GMS) Actuator and a PZT Sensor. Sensors. 2017; 17(3): 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030....
 
19.
Mitri HS. Design and development of a new rockbolt load measuring device. Etudes et Recherches, Raport R-308, 202.
 
20.
Onoszko K. Methods Used in NDT, Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i. Ochrona Środowiska. 2012;4a:11-14.
 
21.
Papadakis EP. Ultrasonic Instruments for Nondestructive Testing. Encyclopedia of Acoustics. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 1997;1:683-692.
 
22.
Remington PJ. Experimental and theoretical studies of vibrating systems. Encyclopedia of Acoustics. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 1997: 715-734.
 
23.
Ungar EE. Vibration isolation and damping. Encyclopedia of Acoustics. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 1997: 843-855.
 
24.
Signer SP, Rains RL. Effects of bolt spacing, bolt length, and roof span on bolt loading in a Trona mine. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining. Morgantown. West Virginia. 2001: 302-308.
 
25.
Skrzypkowski K. Evaluation of rock bolt support for Polish hard rock mines. E3S Web of Conferences. 2018:01006. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3scon....
 
26.
Starkey A, Ivanovic A, Neilson RD, Rodger AA. The integrity testing of ground anchorages using Granit. 20-th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining, USA. 2001.
 
27.
Ulusay R, Hudson JA. The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization. Testing and Monitoring. Ankara, Turkey. 2007:1974-2006.
 
28.
Villaescusaa E, Vardenb R, Hassella R. Quantifying the performance of resin anchored rock bolts in the Australian underground hard rock mining industry. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences. 2008; 45: 94–102.
 
eISSN:2449-5220
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top